Tumour Markers Explained: PSA, CA-125, CEA, and AFP
Learn what tumour markers are, how PSA, CA-125, CEA, and AFP tests work, and what elevated levels may indicate in a clinical context.
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How to Read a Scientific Paper: A Beginner’s Guide for Biomedical Students
Reading scientific papers is a core skill for biomedical students and healthcare professionals. This guide walks through the structure of a research paper and explains how to critically evaluate each section.
Inflammation Markers Explained: ESR, CRP, Ferritin, and Procalcitonin
Inflammation markers including ESR, CRP, ferritin, and procalcitonin help detect and monitor inflammation and infection. This guide explains what each measures and how they are used together.
Bone Profile Blood Test Explained: Calcium, Phosphate, ALP, and Vitamin D
A bone profile blood test measures calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and sometimes vitamin D to assess bone health and mineral metabolism. This guide explains each component.
Coagulation Tests Explained: PT, INR, APTT, and D-Dimer
Coagulation tests including PT, INR, APTT, fibrinogen, and D-dimer assess the blood’s ability to clot. This guide explains what each test measures and when it is used.
What Is Hematology? The Science of Blood Explained
Haematology is the branch of medicine and science concerned with blood, blood-forming organs, and blood disorders. This guide introduces the field, its key components, and what haematologists do.
Urinalysis Explained: What a Urine Test Measures
Urinalysis examines the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine to detect kidney disease, infection, diabetes, and more. This guide explains what each component measures.
Blood Glucose Tests Explained: Fasting, Random and OGTT
Blood glucose tests include fasting glucose, random glucose, and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). This guide explains how each is used to diagnose and monitor diabetes and prediabetes.
Iron Studies Explained: Serum Iron, Ferritin, TIBC and Transferrin Saturation
Iron studies measure serum iron, ferritin, TIBC, and transferrin saturation to assess iron stores and identify anaemia or iron overload. This guide explains what each result means.
Thyroid Function Tests Explained: TSH, T4, and T3
Thyroid function tests measure TSH, free T4, and sometimes free T3 to assess how well the thyroid gland is working. This guide explains what each result means and how the tests are used.